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Welcome back to Hatribytes! Today, we're going to explore the basics of CSS, a powerful tool that brings style and visual appeal to your web pages. Whether you're a beginner or need a refresher, this guide will help you understand the foundational elements of CSS.
What is CSS?
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a stylesheet language used to describe the presentation of a document written in HTML. CSS controls the layout, colors, fonts, and overall appearance of your web pages.
How to Add CSS to Your HTML
There are three ways to add CSS to your HTML:
- Inline CSS: Uses the
styleattribute inside HTML tags.
<h1 style="color: blue;">This is a heading</h1>
<style> tag inside the <head> section of the HTML document.
<head>
<style>
h1 {
color: blue;
}
</style>
</head>
<link> tag inside the <head> section.
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
CSS Selectors
CSS selectors are used to select HTML elements you want to style. Here are some basic types:
- Element Selector: Selects elements by their tag name.
h1 {
color: blue;
}
<p class="intro">This is an introduction.</p>
.intro {
font-size: 20px;
}
<h1 id="main-heading">Main Heading</h1>
#main-heading {
text-align: center;
}
* {
margin: 0;
padding: 0;
}
CSS Properties
CSS properties are used to style HTML elements. Here are some commonly used properties:
- Color: Sets the text color.
p {
color: green;
}
body {
background-color: #f0f0f0;
}
p {
font-size: 16px;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
font-weight: bold;
}
h1 {
margin: 20px;
}
div {
padding: 10px;
}
p {
border: 1px solid black;
}
Box Model
The CSS box model describes the rectangular boxes generated for elements in the document tree and consists of: margins, borders, padding, and the actual content. Here's an illustration:
div {
width: 300px;
padding: 10px;
border: 5px solid gray;
margin: 20px;
}
CSS Layout
CSS provides several properties to control the layout of elements:
- Display: Specifies how an element is displayed.
p {
display: none; /* Hides the element */
}
div {
position: relative;
top: 10px;
left: 20px;
}
.container {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
}
.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: auto auto auto;
gap: 10px;
}
Responsive Design
Responsive design ensures that your web pages look good on all devices. You can achieve this by using:
- Media Queries: Apply different styles for different screen sizes.
@media (max-width: 600px) {
.container {
flex-direction: column;
}
}
Conclusion
CSS is a powerful tool that can greatly enhance the visual appeal of your web pages. With the basics covered in this guide, you're well on your way to creating beautiful and responsive websites.
Stay tuned to Hatribytes for more tutorials on JavaScript and Python to further advance your web development skills. Happy styling!
Feel free to ask any questions or leave comments below. Let's learn and grow together!